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This is fastener standard for bolts
Grade 8.8 means, Approx. 800 Mpa tensile strength and 640 MPa yield strength (you will arrive at the YS by multiplying both the numbers times 10. That is 8x8x10=640)
Similarly, 10.9 means approx.1000Mpa TS and 900 Mpa yield strength. See the below-given details.
Property Class
Tensile Strength, Mpa.
Hardness
Material
Heat Treatment
Tempering
4.6
400
B67-B87
Low or medium carbon steel with max limits for C 0.55, P0.048, S0.058
No
4.8
420
B71-B87
5.8
520
B82-B95
8.8
830
C23-C34
Medium carbon steel with max   limits for C0.28- 0.55, P0.048, S0.058
Oil Quenched
min 425°C
9.8
900
C27-C36
min 410°C
10.9
1040
C33-C39
min425°C
12.9
1220
C38-C44
Medium carbon steel with max   limits for C0.31- 0.65, P 0.045 MAX, S 0.045MAX
Oil Quenched
min 380°C

1) when & why expansion is necessary?
Expansion is necessary in all cases because the tube hole in the tube sheet is slightly higher than the tube OD. So if we do not expand it will cause crevice and ultimately tends to leakage.

 2) Difference between contact(light) & heavy expansion and what its range.
For Heavy expansion, normally grooves shall be provided in the tube sheet as per TEMA RB-7.24. Tubes will be expanded in such a way that it will flow in these grooves. In Heavy expansion normally 5% thinning of tube thickness occurs.

 3) For strength, a weld is an expansion necessary.
For strength welded tube to tube sheet joints, contact expansion is necessary as explained in (1) above.

 4) what are the applications to expand the tube?
Tubes are expanded using standard roller expander or sometimes using a hydraulic expander.

Does a 6G SMAW welder legally covers all fillet weld under welding rule?
YES. Refer Section IX part QW 461.9
Is the welding electrode 7016 and 7018 under the same group?
YES. both belong to group F4. Refer Section IX  QW-432 (Table)
Can it be a substitute for each other if the WPS requirement is 7018 only?
As per Section IX QW-253, it is acceptable. But ensure that your project specifications won't put any restrictions to do so. 

MKRdezign

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